Skip to content

Test Vectors

This document provides test vectors for validating your implementation. Each section includes inputs, expected outputs, and explanations.

1. CRC-16/MODBUS Calculation

All GENI frames use CRC-16/MODBUS (polynomial 0x8005, initial value 0xFFFF).

Test Vector 1.1: Simple Packet

Input bytes: 

0x27 0x07 0xE7 0xF8 0x02 0x03 0x94 0x95 0x96

Expected CRC: 

0xEB47

Breakdown: - CRC bytes: 0xEB (high), 0x47 (low) - Full packet: 27 07 E7 F8 02 03 94 95 96 EB 47

Validation: 

data = bytes([0x27, 0x07, 0xE7, 0xF8, 0x02, 0x03, 0x94, 0x95, 0x96])
crc = calculate_crc16_modbus(data)
assert crc == 0xEB47

Test Vector 1.2: Authentication Packet

Input bytes: 

0x27 0x07 0xE7 0xF8 0x0A 0x03 0x56 0x00 0x06

Expected CRC: 

0xC55A

Full packet: 

27 07 E7 F8 0A 03 56 00 06 C5 5A

Test Vector 1.3: Zero-Length Payload

Input bytes: 

0x27 0x05 0xE7 0xF8

Expected CRC: 

0x1F0D

2. IEEE 754 Big-Endian Float Encoding

All float values use IEEE 754 single-precision big-endian format.

Test Vector 2.1: Positive Float (1.5)

Decimal Value: 1.5

Expected Bytes: 

0x3F 0xC0 0x00 0x00

Binary Breakdown: 

Sign: 0 (positive)
Exponent: 01111111 (127, biased)
Mantissa: 10000000000000000000000

Validation: 

value = 1.5
encoded = encode_float_be(value)
assert encoded == bytes([0x3F, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00])
decoded = decode_float_be(encoded)
assert decoded == 1.5

Test Vector 2.2: Pressure Value (14710.0 Pa)

Decimal Value: 14710.0 (1.5m water = 14710 Pa)

Expected Bytes: 

0x46 0xE5 0xB0 0x00

Validation: 

pressure_pa = 14710.0
encoded = encode_float_be(pressure_pa)
assert encoded == bytes([0x46, 0xE5, 0xB0, 0x00])

Test Vector 2.3: Small Flow Rate (0.5 m³/h)

Decimal Value: 0.5

Expected Bytes: 

0x3F 0x00 0x00 0x00

Test Vector 2.4: Zero

Decimal Value: 0.0

Expected Bytes: 

0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00

Test Vector 2.5: Negative Temperature (-5.5°C)

Decimal Value: -5.5

Expected Bytes: 

0xC0 0xB0 0x00 0x00

Note: Sign bit is 1 for negative numbers.

3. Uint16 Big-Endian Encoding

Test Vector 3.1: Small Value

Decimal Value: 256

Expected Bytes: 

0x01 0x00

Test Vector 3.2: Max Value

Decimal Value: 65535

Expected Bytes: 

0xFF 0xFF

Test Vector 3.3: Sub ID (0x5600)

Decimal Value: 0x5600 (22016)

Expected Bytes: 

0x56 0x00

4. Uint32 Big-Endian Encoding

Test Vector 4.1: Register Address

Decimal Value: 0x5D012C (6095148)

Expected Bytes: 

0x00 0x5D 0x01 0x2C

Test Vector 4.2: Operating Hours

Decimal Value: 123456 seconds

Expected Bytes: 

0x00 0x01 0xE2 0x40

5. Complete Frame Building

Test Vector 5.1: Legacy Magic Packet

Purpose: First authentication packet

Expected Full Packet: 

27 07 E7 F8 02 03 94 95 96 EB 47

Breakdown: - 27: Start byte - 07: Length (7 bytes including start and length) - E7: Service ID - F8: Source address - 02 03 94 95 96: Payload (Class 2, OpSpec 0x03, Register 0x9495, Value 0x96) - EB 47: CRC-16

Test Vector 5.2: Class 10 Unlock Packet

Purpose: Unlock Class 10 commands

Expected Full Packet: 

27 07 E7 F8 0A 03 56 00 06 C5 5A

Breakdown: - 27: Start byte - 07: Length - E7: Service ID - F8: Source - 0A: Class byte (Class 10) - 03 56 00 06: APDU (OpSpec 0x03, Sub 0x5600, Obj 0x0006) - C5 5A: CRC-16

Test Vector 5.3: Info Command (Read Temperature)

Purpose: Read register 0x5D012C

Expected Full Packet: 

27 0B E7 F8 03 02 00 5D 01 2C 00 XX XX

Breakdown: - 27: Start byte - 0B: Length (11 bytes) - E7: Service ID - F8: Source - 03: Class 3 - 02: Op-spec (INFO) - 00 5D 01 2C: Register address (big-endian) - 00: Additional byte - XX XX: CRC-16 (calculate)

Test Vector 5.4: Class 10 SET Command

Purpose: Set constant pressure mode to 1.5m

Parameters: - Sub ID: 0x5600 - Obj ID: 0x0601 - Value: 1.5m = 14710.0 Pa

Expected Packet: 

27 10 E7 F8 0A 14 56 00 06 01 46 E5 B0 00 XX XX

Breakdown: - 27: Start byte - 10: Length (16 bytes) - E7: Service ID - F8: Source - 0A: Class 10 - 14: Op-spec (SET) - 56 00: Sub ID (big-endian) - 06 01: Obj ID (big-endian) - 46 E5 B0 00: Float value (14710.0) - XX XX: CRC-16 (calculate)

6. Frame Parsing

Test Vector 6.1: Parse Response Frame

Input Packet: 

24 0E E7 20 0A 34 56 00 06 01 46 E5 B0 00 XX XX

Expected Parsed Result: - Start byte: 0x24 (response) - Length: 0x0E (14 bytes) - Service ID: 0xE7 - Source: 0x20 (pump) - Class: 0x0A (Class 10) - Op-spec: 0x34 (SET response) - Sub ID: 0x5600 - Obj ID: 0x0601 - Payload: 46 E5 B0 00 (float 14710.0) - CRC valid: true

Test Vector 6.2: Parse Telemetry Notification

Input Packet: 

24 XX E7 20 0A 34 00 45 00 57 [44 bytes of telemetry] XX XX

Expected Parsed Result: - Response frame - Class 10 - Sub ID: 0x0045 (motor state) - Obj ID: 0x0057 - Payload: 44 bytes of motor telemetry data

7. Telemetry Decoding

Test Vector 7.1: Motor State Payload

Input Payload (44 bytes): 

43 66 00 00  // Offset 0-3: Grid voltage (230.0V)
3E CC CC CD  // Offset 8-11: Current (0.4A)
42 48 00 00  // Offset 16-19: Power (50.0W)
44 BB 80 00  // Offset 20-23: Speed (1500.0 RPM)
42 28 00 00  // Offset 24-27: Temperature (42.0°C)
...

Expected Decoded Values: - Grid voltage: 230.0 V - Current: 0.4 A - Power: 50.0 W - Speed: 1500.0 RPM - Temperature: 42.0 °C

Test Vector 7.2: Flow/Pressure Payload

Input Payload (16 bytes): 

3F 00 00 00  // Offset 0-3: Flow (0.5 m³/h)
3F C0 00 00  // Offset 4-7: Head (1.5 m)
40 00 00 00  // Offset 8-11: Inlet pressure (2.0 bar)
40 40 00 00  // Offset 12-15: Outlet pressure (3.0 bar)

Expected Decoded Values: - Flow: 0.5 m³/h - Head: 1.5 m - Inlet pressure: 2.0 bar - Outlet pressure: 3.0 bar

8. Unit Conversions

Test Vector 8.1: Meters to Pascals

Input: 1.5 m (head)

Calculation: 

pascals = meters × 9806.65
pascals = 1.5 × 9806.65
pascals = 14709.975 ≈ 14710.0

Expected Output: 14710.0 Pa

Test Vector 8.2: Pascals to Meters

Input: 14710.0 Pa

Calculation: 

meters = pascals / 9806.65
meters = 14710.0 / 9806.65
meters = 1.5

Expected Output: 1.5 m

Test Vector 8.3: Bar to Pascals

Input: 2.5 bar

Calculation: 

pascals = bar × 100000
pascals = 2.5 × 100000
pascals = 250000.0

Expected Output: 250000.0 Pa

9. End-to-End Test Scenarios

Scenario 9.1: Read Telemetry

Step 1: Send INFO command 

TX: 27 0D E7 F8 0A 02 00 45 00 57 00 XX XX

Step 2: Receive response 

RX: 24 XX E7 20 0A 34 00 45 00 57 [44 bytes] XX XX

Step 3: Decode motor state 

Grid: 230.0V
Speed: 1500.0 RPM
Power: 50.0W

Scenario 9.2: Set Control Mode

Step 1: Build SET command (1.5m constant pressure) 

TX: 27 10 E7 F8 0A 14 56 00 06 01 46 E5 B0 00 XX XX

Step 2: Receive ACK 

RX: 24 0A E7 20 0A 34 56 00 06 01 XX XX

Step 3: Verify mode 

Mode: Constant Pressure
Setpoint: 1.5m

10. Error Cases

Test Vector 10.1: Invalid CRC

Input Packet: 

27 07 E7 F8 02 03 94 95 96 FF FF

Expected Result: - CRC validation: FAIL - Expected CRC: 0xEB47 - Actual CRC: 0xFFFF - Action: Reject packet

Test Vector 10.2: Invalid Start Byte

Input Packet: 

FF 06 E7 F8 00 67 A3 E3

Expected Result: - Invalid start byte (expected 0x27 or 0x24) - Action: Discard packet

Test Vector 10.3: Length Mismatch

Input Packet: 

27 99 E7 F8 00 67 A3 E3

Expected Result: - Declared length: 0x99 (153 bytes) - Actual packet: 8 bytes - Action: Timeout or discard

11. Active Query (INFO) Response Parsing

Modern implementations use INFO queries to poll telemetry. These responses have a different header layout and specific field offsets.

Test Vector 11.1: Flow/Pressure Query Response

Purpose: Parse and decode a 51-byte response to a Flow/Pressure query (OpSpec 0x2B).

Input Packet: 

24 2F F8 E7 0A 2B 00 02 35 02 00 00 24 39 0A A4 26 46 E5 8A C2 7F FF FF FF 7F FF FF FF 7F FF FF FF 7F FF FF FF 3E F3 B4 8B 40 3F CC D4 3F 60 9F C2 BC 06

Header Breakdown: - 24: Start Delimiter (Response) - 2F: Length (47 bytes remaining) - F8: Destination (Client) - E7: Source (Service) - 0A: Class 10 - 2B: OpSpec (INFO Response) - 00 02: Sequence Number - 35 02: Identifier (matches Query) - 00 00: Reserved - 24: Data Array Length (36 bytes = 9 floats)

Data Array Breakdown (Floats starting at offset 13): - Offset 13 (+0): 39 0A A4 26 (Reserved/Unknown) - Offset 17 (+4): 46 E5 8A C2 (Reserved/Unknown) - Offset 21 (+8): 7F FF FF FF (NaN) - Offset 25 (+12): 7F FF FF FF (NaN) - Offset 29 (+16): 7F FF FF FF (NaN) - Offset 33 (+20): 7F FF FF FF (NaN) - Offset 37 (+24): 3E F3 B4 8B = 0.476 m³/h (Flow Rate) - Offset 41 (+28): 40 3F CC D4 = 2.997 m (Head Pressure) - Offset 45 (+32): 3F 60 9F C2 = 0.877 bar (Inlet Pressure)

Expected Decoded Values: - Flow: 0.476 m³/h - Head: 2.997 m - Inlet Pressure: 0.877 bar

Validation: 

packet = bytes.fromhex("242ff8e70a2b00023502000024390aa42646e58ac27fffffff7fffffff7fffffff7fffffff3ef3b48b403fccd43f609fc2bc06")
frame = FrameParser.parse_frame(packet)
assert frame.obj_id == 0x3502
data = TelemetryDecoder.decode(frame)
assert round(data["flow_m3h"], 3) == 0.476
assert round(data["head_m"], 3) == 2.997

Validation Checklist

Use these test vectors to validate your implementation:

  • [ ] CRC calculation matches all test vectors
  • [ ] Float encoding produces correct bytes
  • [ ] Float decoding produces correct values
  • [ ] Uint16/32 encoding is big-endian
  • [ ] Frame building produces valid packets
  • [ ] Frame parsing extracts correct fields
  • [ ] Telemetry decoding matches expected values
  • [ ] Unit conversions are accurate
  • [ ] Error cases handled correctly

Language-Specific Examples

Python

def test_float_encoding():
    assert encode_float_be(1.5) == b'\x3f\xc0\x00\x00'
    assert decode_float_be(b'\x3f\xc0\x00\x00') == 1.5

def test_crc():
    data = bytes([0x27, 0x06, 0xE7, 0xF8, 0x00, 0x67])
    assert calculate_crc16_modbus(data) == 0xA3E3

JavaScript

function testFloatEncoding() {
  const encoded = encodeFloatBE(1.5);
  assert.deepEqual(encoded, [0x3F, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00]);

  const decoded = decodeFloatBE([0x3F, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00]);
  assert.equal(decoded, 1.5);
}

Rust

#[test]
fn test_float_encoding() {
    let encoded = encode_float_be(1.5);
    assert_eq!(encoded, [0x3F, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00]);

    let decoded = decode_float_be(&[0x3F, 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00]);
    assert_eq!(decoded, 1.5);
}

Reference Implementation

See the Python implementation for complete examples: - src/alpha_hwr/protocol_new/codec.py - Encoding/decoding - src/alpha_hwr/protocol_new/frame_builder.py - Frame construction - src/alpha_hwr/protocol_new/frame_parser.py - Frame parsing - tests/protocol_new/ - Test suite with all vectors

Troubleshooting

If your implementation fails validation:

  1. CRC mismatch: Verify polynomial (0x8005) and initial value (0xFFFF)
  2. Float encoding wrong: Ensure big-endian (network byte order)
  3. Frame parsing fails: Check byte offsets and endianness
  4. Telemetry values wrong: Verify payload offsets from documentation

Next Steps

  1. Implement each function with test vectors
  2. Validate against all test cases
  3. Test with real pump hardware
  4. Report any discrepancies or issues